ELEMENTS

3D computer graphics:

The term 3D computer graphics or computer (gráficos 3d computarizados in spanish) refers to works of graphic art that are created using special 3D hardware and software. In general, the term may also refer to the process of creating such graphics, or field of study of techniques and technology related to 3D graphics.

A 3D graphic of a 2D differs mainly by the way it has been generated. This chart type arise through a process of mathematical calculations produced three-dimensional geometric entities in a computer, and whose purpose is to get a visualprojection in two dimensions to be displayed on a screen or printed on paper.

In general, the art of 3D graphics is akin to sculpting or photography, while the art of 2D graphics is analogous to painting. In computer graphics programs this distinction is sometimes blurred: some 2D applications use 3D techniques to achieve certain effects such as lighting, while some primary 3D applications make use of 2D techniques.

Creating 3D graphics

Steps for creating elements / 3D Graphics:

Modeling:

The modeling stage consists in shaping individual objects that are later used in the scene. There are different types of geometry NURBS modeling polygonal modelingand subdivision surfaces (Subdivision Surfaces in English). In addition, althoughless widely used, there is another type called "image-based modeling" or in English"image based modeling" (IBM). Is to convert a 3D photography using various techniques, of which the best known brands in lighting design and Blaize CA

Modeling techniques in teaching 3D. Another technique is the most recentlydeveloped technique based on matrix of edges registered in 2011 as "The EdgeMatrix technique" and it is applicable to all types of existing 3D modeling mentioned above, was developed by Professor Emanuel Diego digital art Viegas for teaching their students the process by which the brain interprets the real environment and distills it into 3D objects, the technique consists of projecting edges manually on photographs of real objects by simplifying the way orthographic views and takinginto account the points leakage in perspective view, after this process generates 3Dreplica of the real object studied taking into account the results of manual tracing of edges. By this technique is accomplished in less than a week of practiceexceptional handling of 3D modeling allows easily generate more complex objects.

Lighting:

Creating different types of point lights, directional area or volume, color or otherproperties. This is the key to an animation.
Much of the lighting in 3D requires the physical understanding of light in reality, this understanding can go from the basics on the subject such as the concept of global illumination and strangers to complex behaviors such as light scattering on surfacesand subsurface.

Global Illumination

An object in real life, unless you are in a totally black container is illuminated by direct and indirect light or indirect light only. This is because the photons emitted by the source of light bounce off all surfaces which are then an object in physical space isdirect photons radiated by the source of light and photons that have bounced off of surrounding surfaces (indirect illumination). Every surface around the object will produce a different light intensity from different directions and with different shades of color on the object depending on the color of each surface and turn the light alsobounces off the object of attention.

Animation

Objects can be animated as to
Basic transformations in all three axes (XYZ), Rotation, Scale and Translation.
Form (shape):

Using skeletons: the objects can be assigned a skeleton, a central structure with the ability to affect the shape and movements of that object. This helps the process of animation, in which the movement of the skeleton will automatically affect thecorresponding portions of the model. See also kinematic animation (ForwardKinematic animation) and animated IK (Inverse Kinematic animation).
By deforming: whether cases of deformation (lattices) or deformity such strain that produces sinusoidal.
Dynamics: Simulations of clothing, hair, dynamic rigid object.
The animation is very important in graphics because these animations are trying to perform the simple realism, which is working long hours.

Rendering:

Render the process is called to generate the final 2D image or animation from the scene created. This can be compared to taking a photo or in the case of animation,filming a scene from real life. Generally search for images of photorealistic quality,and to this end we have developed many special methods. Techniques range from simple, such as wire rendering (wireframe rendering) through polygon-based rendering, to more modern techniques such as scanline rendering, raytracing, radiosity or photon mapping.

The software renderer can simulate cinematic effects such as lens flare, depth offield or motion blur (motion blur). These artifacts are, in fact, a product of mechanicalimperfections of physical photography, but as the human eye is accustomed to his presence, the simulation of these effects provide an element of realism to the scene.Techniques have been developed in order to simulate other natural effects, such as the interaction of light with the atmosphere or smoke. Examples of such techniques include particle systems that can simulate rain, smoke or fire, volumetric sampling to simulate fog, dust and other atmospheric effects, and the caustic to simulate the effect of light through refracting surfaces.

The rendering process takes a great computing power, it requires simulating manycomplex physical processes. The calculation capacity has increased rapidly over the years, allowing a higher degree of realism to the renders. Film studios that produce computer-generated animations make use, in general, what is known as arender farm (render farm) to accelerate the production of frames.